LIBRARY 

OF   THE 

UNIVERSITY  OF  CALIFORNIA. 


Class 


DETAILS    OF 


BUILDING    CONSTRUCTION 


BY 
CLARENCE  A.  MARTIN 

ASSISTANT    PROFESSOR    OF    ARCHITECTURE 
CORNELL    UNIVERSITY 


or  THE 
{  UNIVERSITY  } 

OF 


BOSTON,  MASS. 
BATES    6f   GUILD    COMPANY 

1899 


COPYRIGHT,  i  899 

BY 
BATES  &  GUILD  COMPANY 


PRINTED  AT 

THE  EVERETT  PRESS 

BOSTON,  MASS. 


PREFACE. 


THE  author  would  have  preferred  to  present  this  book  to  the  public  without  a  prefatory 
note,  had  not  some  explanations  seemed  necessary  in  order  to  prevent  misunderstand- 
ing. The  work  is  not  the  result  of  a  deliberate  attempt  at  book-making,  undertaken 
with  "malice  prepense,"  but  is  the  outcome  of  the  efforts  made  by  a  teacher  of  architectural 
construction  to  present  a  part  of  his  subject  to  his  students.  The  drawings,  consisting 
originally  of  rough  sketches  on  large  sheets  of  wrapping-paper,  were  at  first  used  for  tempo- 
rary illustration  only  ;  but  the  results  proved  so  satisfactory  that  it  seemed  best  to  study  the 
work  more  carefully  and  to  put  it  into  more  permanent  form  for  class-room  use. 

This  was  undertaken  some  three  years  ago,  still  without  thought  of  publication;  and  it 
was  only  after  the  first  sixteen  plates  in  blue-print  form  had  been  used  for  some  time  that 
their  favorable  reception  by  students,  and  by  others  who  learned  of  them  through  students, 
suggested  that  they  might  prove  useful  to  workers  outside  the  college  class-room.  The  re- 
vision and  completion  of  the  work  were  accordingly  undertaken.  Two  or  three  of  the  origi- 
nal plates  have  been  redrawn  ;  but  to  redraw  them  all  for  the  sake  of  uniformity  and  possible 
minor  improvements  would  have  involved  an  amount  of  labor  not  justified  by  the  advantage 
gained,  and  would  have  necessitated  a  longer  delay  in  publication  than  seemed  advisable.  In 
method  of  presentation,  therefore,  the  work  still  shows  to  a  considerable  extent  the  various 
stages  of  its  progress  through  a  period  of  full  three  years.  In  other  respects  the  attempt  has 
been  made,  by  means  of  careful  revision  in  the  light  of  the  best  criticism  available,  supple- 
mented by  continuous  study  and  independent  investigation,  to  present  the  best  methods  em- 
ployed or  recommended  in  present-day  practice. 

In  scope  the  work  limits  itself  to  presenting  only  such  details,  principally  in  wood,  as  are 
in  common  use  in  domestic  architecture  and  in  smaller  public  buildings.  The  subject  of 
framing  has  been  entirely  omitted,  partly  because  it  has  been  amply  treated  elsewhere,  partly 
because  it  does  not  lend  itself  readily  to  the  method  of  treatment  here  chosen.  In  the  matter 
of  design  the  author  wishes  to  put  in  a  disclaimer.  Nothing  is  further  from  his  intention 
than  an  attempt  to  dictate  in  a  question  of  design,  but  it  has  been  necessary  to  use  design  in 
order  to  show  construction.  Therefore,  while  every  effort  has  been  made  to  show  only  the 
good  in  design,  it  should  be  borne  in  mind  that  the  book  is  a  treatise  not  on  that  subject  but 
on  construction. 

In  the  method  of  presentation,  the  inconsistency  arising  from  the  fact  that  the  work  was 
so  long  in  a  process  of  becoming,  and  that  its  final  evolution  into  book  form  remained  so 
long  unforeseen,  has  already  been  mentioned.  The  exact  character  of  this  inconsistency  may 
be  seen  by  comparing  the  plates  treating  of  windows  with  those  treating  of  doors.  In  treat- 
ing of  windows  one  plate  is  devoted  to  a  certain  type  of  window,  with  the  corresponding  de- 
tails, then  another  plate  takes  up  a  different  type,  and  so  on.  When,  however,  the  subject  of 
doors  is  taken  up,  one  plate  is  devoted  to  types  of  doors,  another  to  details  of  frames,  another 
to  details  of  panels,  etc.  For  this  there  was  no  remedy  except  the  radical  one  of  redrawing 
the  plates;  and  the  case  did  not  seem  to  warrant  recourse  to  measures  so  heroic,  since  it  is, 
after  all,  an  open  question  as  to  which  method  is  the  better. 

The  device  of  lettering  the  notes  on  the  plates,  instead  of  presenting  them  separately  in 
the  form  of  text,  was  of  necessity  a  part  of  the  original,  idea,  which  contemplated  only  separate 
plates  ;  and  when  the  work  of  revision  was  undertaken,  it  seemed  wise  to  retain  the  scheme. 
It  is  hoped  that  the  obvious  advantage  of  having  the  notes  on  the  plates  in  close  juxtaposi- 
tion to  the  drawings  to  which  they  refer  will  more  than  compensate  for  the  disadvantages  of 
an  enforced  brevity  so  severe  as  to  be  almost  incompatible  with  good  English,  and  of  an  ap- 
pearance of  dogmatism  which  the  writer  would  have  preferred,  if  possible,  to  avoid.  That  the 
notes  must  be  read  in  conjunction  with  the  study  of  the  drawings,  if  the  latter  are  to  be  fully 
comprehended,  would  seem  to  be  a  fact  so  obvious  as  to  require  no  emphasis,  had  not  some 


of  the  criticisms  received  during  the  progress  of  the  work  revealed  the  fact  that  the  notes  had 
been  neglected,  despite  the  device  used  for  securing  their  perusal. 

In  the  matter  of  nomenclature  care  has  been  taken  to  use  only  such  terms  as  are  sanc- 
tioned by  the  authority  of  the  best  writers  on  architecture  and  building,  and  to  use  them  ac- 
curately, not  in  the  hope  of  bringing  order  out  of  the  chaos  of  architectural  terminology,  but 
only  in  the  hope  of  escaping  the  accusation  of  having  worse  confounded  the  present  deplora- 
ble confusion. 

The  drawings  have  been  carefully  prepared  after  a  long,  practical  experience  and  with  the 
aid  of  one  of  the  best  libraries  in  this  country,  supplemented  by  a  large  collection  of  working 
drawings  from  the  offices  of  leading  architects.  No  pains  have  been  spared  to  free  them  as 
far  as  possible  from  the  taints  of  local  practice ;  and  while  not  all  that  is  shown  is  unreservedly 
recommended,  great  care  has  been  taken  not  to  include  anything  that  has  not  the  authority  of 
good  practice,  and  that  may  not  fairly  be  called  good  construction  when  the  element  of  cost 
is  considered.  Some  cheap  methods  of  construction  have  been  shown  and  recommended  as 
good  of  their  kind.  Such,  for  instance,  are  the  wood  sills  shown  on  Plate  VI.,  which  have 
already  been  subjected  to  adverse  criticism,  but  which  it  seemed  best,  after  mature  considera- 
tion, to  retain.  The  wood  sill  in  other  than  frame  buildings  has  the  same  excuse  for  being 
as  has  the  shingle  roof — it  is  cheap.  It  can  of  course  be  justified  only  on  the  score  of  ex- 
pense ;  but  it  has  the  sanction  of  good  practice  in  sections  of  the  country  where  cut  stone  is 
not  easily  and  cheaply  obtainable,  it  is  painted  and  treated  frankly  as  wood,  and  has  stood  the 
test  of  time. 

It  has  several  times  been  suggested  that  the  dimensions  of  parts  be  figured  on  the  various 
details  throughout  the  work,  but  to  the  author  this  has  seemed  entirely  too  dogmatic  a  pro- 
cedure. As  the  sturdy  Pennsylvania  farmer  builds  his  house  with  3  x  5-inch  studs,  —  if  he 
does  not  build  of  stone,  —  and  does  not  think  of  extravagance,  while  the  toiling  dweller  in 
the  cyclone  regions  of  the  West  builds  with  2  x  4-inch  studs  and  wonders  if  he  cannot  safely 
space  them  24  inches  on  centers,  so  the  2  ^  or  3-inch  window-sill  that  is  accepted  as  a  matter 
of  course  in  one  section  would  strike  terror  to  the  heart  of  the  builder  in  the  thriftier  region 
where  the  2-inch  sill  is  an  extravagance.  In  order  to  make  the  drawings,  however,  it  was  nec- 
essary to  show  material  of  definite  size  and  thickness,  and  the  dimensions  chosen  for  the  vari- 
ous parts  have  been  made  to  represent  as  nearly  as  possible  the  average  of  good  practice.  As 
everything  has  been  most  carefully  drawn  to  scale,  the  sizes  used  can  be  ascertained  to  a  nicety 
by  simply  measuring  them  on  the  drawings.  The  type  window,  Plate  IV.,  has  been  pretty 
fully  figured,  but  beyond  this  it  was  felt  that  figured  dimensions  would  seem  to  be  an  attempt 
at  finality  that  would  tend  to  restrict  the  liberty  of  choice  and  the  exercise  of  individual  judg-  , 
ment  on  the  part  of  designer  and  constructor,  without  which  there  can  be  no  true  progress. 
If  the  work  is  to  be  used  simply  as  a  copy-book  it  must  inevitably  fail  of  its  purpose,  which 
in  the  intent  of  the  author  has  been  much  broader. 

The  few  pages  of  advertising  have  been  added  to  the  work  not  so  much  for  the  sake  of  the 
revenue  derived  therefrom  as  with  the  hope  that  they  may  contribute  to  the  actual  value  of 
the  subject-matter  by  calling  attention  to  special  devices  or  details  that  could  not  well  be  in- 
cluded within  the  body  of  the  book. 

In  order  to  avoid  accusations  of  plagiarism,  it  may  be  well  to  mention  that  Mr.  F.  E. 
Kidder,  in  his  work  on  Building  Construction  and  Superintendence,  has  done  the  author  the 
honor  of  using  a  part  of  the  drawings  relating  to  window  details. 

In  conclusion  the  author  wishes  to  express  his  sense  of  obligation  toward  all  those  who 
have  so  generously  assisted  him  both  directly  and  indirectly  with  their  criticisms  and  sugges- 
tions during  the  progress  of  the  work,  and  his  hope  that  the  book  will  be  found  sufficiently 
helpful  to  elicit  further  criticism  looking  towards  the  improvement  of  future  works  of  this 
character,  whether  by  the  author  or  by  others.  C..  A.  M. 

ITHACA,  N.   Y.,   August, 


LIST    OF    PLATES. 


I.— DETAILS  OF  AN  ORDINARY  CELLAR  WINDOW  IN  A  STONEWALL. 

II.— DETAILS  OF  CELLAR  WINDOW  WITH  SCREEN  AND  IRON  GRILLE. 

III.— DETAILS  OF  CELLAR  WINDOWS  AND  BASE  COURSES  FOR 
FRAME  COTTAGES. 

IV.— A  TYPICAL  DOUBLE-HUNG  WINDOW. 

V.— DETAILS  OF  DOUBLE-HUNG  WINDOWS  WITH   INSIDE  SHUTTERS. 

VI.— WINDOWS  WITH   OUTSIDE  SHUTTERS. 

VII.— DETAILS  OF  COUNTER-BALANCED  WINDOWS  WITH  MULLIONS 
AND  -TRANSOMS. 

VIII.— DETAILS  OF  WINDOWS  IN  FRAME  WALLS. 

IX.— DETAILS  OF  DOUBLE  HUNG  WINDOWS   IN  FRAME  WALLS. 

X.— MISCELLANEOUS  DETAILS  FOR  DOUBLE   HUNG  WINDOWS. 

XI.— DETAILS  OF  BAY  WINDOWS  WITH  COUNTER-BALANCED  SASHES. 

XII.— DETAILS  OF  CASEMENT  WINDOWS  OPENING  OUTWARD. 

XIII.— DETAILS  OF  CASEMENT  WINDOWS  OPENING  IN. 

XIV.— DETAILS  OF  A  CASEMENT  WINDOW  WITH  MULLIONS  AND 
TRANSOMS  AND  WITH  SASHES  OPENING  OUTWARD. 

XV.— DETAILS  OF  A  CASEMENT  BAY  WINDOW. 

XVI.— DETAILS   OF  PIVOTED   CASEMENTS  AND  EYEBROW  DORMERS. 

XVII.— STORM-RESISTING  WINDOWS. 

XVIII.— TYPES  OF  DOORS  WITH   GENERAL  DIMENSIONS. 

XIX.— EXAMPLES  OF  DOORS  IN  VARIOUS  STYLES. 

XX.— DETAILS  OF  OUTSIDE  DOOR  FRAMES,  STONE  SILL,  AND  TRAN- 
SOMS. 

XXL— DETAILS  OF  INTERIOR  DOOR  FRAMES  AND  WOODEN  SILLS. 

XXII.— DETAILS  OF  DOORS. 

XXIII.— DETAILS   OF  SLIDING  DOORS. 

XXIV.— DETAILS  OF  GUTTERS,  FOR  WOOD,  STONE,  AND  TERRA-COTTA 
CORNICES. 

XXV.— DETAILS  OF  BOX  CORNICES. 

XXVI.— DETAILS  OF  OPEN  TIMBER  CORNICES. 

XXVII.— DETAILS  OF  OPEN  TIMBER  CORNICES. 

XXVIII.— MISCELLANEOUS  EXTERIOR  DETAILS. 

XXIX.— WAINSCOTING  AND  ARCHITRAVES. 

XXX.— GENERAL  INTERIOR  FINISH. 

XXXI.— STAIR  DETAILS. 

XXXII.— KITCHEN  AND  PANTRY  DRESSERS. 

XXXIII.— FIREPLACE  DETAILS. 


NOTE. 


THE  THICKNESS  OF  LUMBER  FOR  FINISHED  WORK. 

The  boards  and  planks  used  for  sheathing,  flooring,  and  the  finer  work  about  buildings 
measure  in  the  rough  i  in.,  ij^  in.,  \y2  in.,  2  ins.,  1}4  ins.,  and  3  ins.  in  thickness.  White 
pine  and  other  lumber  produced  in  the  North  is  usually  sawed  to  full  thickness  so  that  the 
planing  on  both  sides  can  ordinarily  be  done  with  a  reduction  of  only  %  in-  in  thickness  ; 
but  lumber  from  the  Southern  markets,  such  as  yellow  pine,  etc.,  is  sawed  so  that  it  is  neces- 
sary to  count  upon  a  reduction  of  ^  in.  in  thickness  for  all  lumber  having  a  nominal  thick- 
ness of  2  ins.  or  more.  This  gives  the  ordinary  stock  dimensions  for  the  thickness  of  fin- 
ished lumber  as  follows:  _%  in.,  i^  in.,  i^  in.,  i^  in.  or  \%  in.,  2j/£  ins.  or  2 3/g  ins., 
and  2^  ins.  or  2^  ins. 

Finished  lumber  thinner  than  _%  in.  must  be  planed  down  or  re-sawed  from  rough  lum- 
ber i  in.  or  more  in  thickness.  Stock  ceiling  boards  that  are  made  for  the  market  in  large 
quantities  are  commonly  %  in.,  ^  in.,  ^  in.,  y£  in.,  and  |^  in.  in  thickness  and  the  price  is 
gradually  scaled  down  with  the  thickness  so  that  the  ^  in.  material  is  listed  at  about  60  per 
cent  of  the  price  of  the  %  in.  material.  For  ordinary  finishing,  however,  where  the  stock 
must  be  gotten  out  especially  for  the  particular  operation,  there  is  little  economy  in  using 
^  in.,  $/$  in.  or  yz  in.  material,  as  the  quantity  required  for  any  one  operation  is  usually  so 
small  that  re-sawing  cannot  be  done  economically. 


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ADVERTISEMENTS. 


The  few  pages  of  advertising  here  given  have  been  added  to  the  work  not  so 
much  for  the  sake  of  the  revenue  derived  therefrom  as  with  the  hope  that  they  may 
contribute  to  the  actual  value  of  the  subject-matter  by  calling  attention  to  special 
devices  or  details  that  could  not  well  be  included  within  the  body  of  the  book. 


FMT.CLAM? 


In  the  fire  and  water  tests  conducted  by  the  New  York  City  Building  and  Fire  Departments 
in  1896-97,  the  highest  efficiency  was  developed  by 

the  Rolling  System  of  Tire-Proof  Construction. 

The  concrete  used  in  this  construction  resisted  the  repeated  application  of  heat  and  cold 
water  better  than  any  other  material  tested. 


flrcft  System  or  Construction. 

The  Roebling  system  of  fire-proofing  is  approved  and  used  by  the 
United  States  government,  is  endorsed  by  eminent  engineers,  and  is 
specified  by  all  the  leading  architects. 

Among  the  prominent  buildings  in  which  this  system  of  fire-proofing 
has  been  used  is  the  "Bowling  Green"  building,  Nos.  5  to  II  Broad- 
way, New  York  City.  This  is  the  largest  fire-proof  office  building  in 
the  world,  and  contains  the  Roebling  fire-proof  floors,  partitions,  furring, 
and  wire  lathing  throughout. 


flat  or  Steel.— Concrete  System. 

Speed  of  erection,  absence  of  wood  centering,  the  safety  afforded  the 
workmen  by  the  wire  centering,  ceilings  that  will  not  crack  or  discolor 
the  plaster  work,  lightness  and  economy,  are  distinctive  features  of  this 
system. 

Che  Roeblitifl  Tire-Proof  Tloort  Secure  the  CowestTnturauce  Ratti. 

Special  facilities  for  erecting,  furring,  and  wire  lathing  for  ornamental 
plaster  effects. 

Estimates  furnished  and  contracts  made  for  fire-proofing  work  of  all 
kinds.  Send  for  new  1898,  72-page,  illustrated  circular. 


THE   ROEBLING   CONSTRUCTION   COMPANY, 

121  Liberty  Street,  New  York  City. 


BARDSLEY'S  WOOD  DOOR  KNOBS. 


OIL  DOOR  CHECK  AND  SPRING. 


CHECKING  SPRING  HINGES. 


Bardsley's  Wood  Door  Knobs. 

THESE  are  carefully  made  of  selected  thoroughly  dried  material. 
Their  beautiful  and  durable  finish,  attractive  appearance,  and  pleas- 
ant feeling  to  the  hand  make  them  the  most  desirable  knobs  for  dwel- 
lings. They  can  be  matched  with  any  interior  finish,  as  they  are 
made  in  all  the  woods  used  for  that  purpose. 

This  illustration  shows  our  patented  method  of  fastening  the  shank  to  the 
head  of  the  knob.  Before  inserting  the  shank  the  flat  metal  key  is  down  to 
the  end  of  the  slot  and  even  with  the  end  of  the  shank.  After  the  shank  has 
been  screwed  into  its  place  the  key  is  forced  partly  into  the  wood  and  locks 
the  shank.  Every  knob  is  warranted  not  to  get  loose  or  give  out  in  any  way. 

These  Knobs  are  made  in  two  grades.  The  higher  grade  has  the  name 
' '  BARDSLEY  ' '  stamped  on  every  shank.  The  genuine  goods  can 
thus  be  told. 

* 

Oil  Door  Check  and  Spring. 

THIS  device,  in  its  improved  form,  embodies  some  new  and  valuable 
features  suggested  by  the  experience  of  several  years  in  manufacturing 
this  class  of  goods.     Among  these  may  be  mentioned  the  following : — 
Freedom  from  Packing  Friction. 
The  Spring  Cannot  be  Used  the  Wrong  Way  Up,  and  thus  get  bent  out 

of  shape  and  perhaps  broken,  a  frequent  occurrence  heretofore. 
A  Lighter,  Longer,  and  More  Elastic  Spring  is  Used,  giving  greater 

durability. 

The  Checking  Power  Cannot  be  Lost  through  the  liquid  being  forced 
from  the  liquid  chamber  into  the  spring  chamber,  as  the  two  are  con- 
nected by  openings. 

A  Reserve  Oil  Chamber  is  provided  between  the  spring  chamber  and  check- 
ing cylinder,  holding  a  supply  of  oil  sufficient  to  last  many  years. 
More  Oil  can  be  Added  when  needed  without  removing  the  Check  from  the 

door. 

It  has  a  Releasing  Device,  by  means  of  which  the  checking  power  is  re- 
moved when  the  door  is  nearly  closed,  the  spring  thus  exerting  its  full 
force  to  latch  the  door. 
It  may  be  Readily  Taken  Entirely  Apart. 


Checking  Spring  Hinges. 

FOR  SWING  DOORS 


THESE  Double  Acting  Spring  Hinges  are  especially  adapted  to  Banks, 
Churches,  Public   Buildings,   Butler's  Pantrys,  and   all   doors  where 
automatic  closing,  combined  with  gentle,  silent  action,  is  desirable. 
Many  thousands  are  now  in  use.     The  mechanism  is  entirely  of  metal, 
very  strong,  simple,  and  durable,  contained  in  a  closed  iron  casing  covered 
with  a  brass  plate  let  into  the   floor  or  sill,  under  the  door.     The  casing  is 
nearly  filled  with  a  specially  prepared  non-freezing  oil,  which  serves  as  a  check- 
ing medium  as  well  as  lubricant. 

These  hinges  possess  she  following  advantages: — 

They  do  not  swing  the  door  violently,  but  close  it  gently  and  without 

noise,  and  stop  it  at  once  at  the  centre. 
There  are  no  unsightly  projections  on  the  door  or  frame. 
The  springs  are  not  twisted,  but  compressed,  and  do  not  bre'ak  or  set. 
The  door  cannot  sag,  being  hung  on  pivots. 
The  greatest  pressure  of  the  spring  is  at  the  closing  point. 


JOSEPH    BARDSLEY, 


147  to,  151  Baxter  Street, 


Send  for  Illustrated 
Descriptive  Catalogue. 


NEW  YORK. 


PRISCILLA.—  Colonial. 


DIJON.— Gothic. 


BRAMANTE.—  Italian  Renaissance. 


Russell  &  Erwin  Manufacturing  Company 

jFtne  Butlbers'  Ibatbwate 
In  Harmony  with  All  Prominent  Styles  of  Architecture 


COLUMBIA  AND 

RUSSWIN  CYLINDER  LOCKS, 

WROUGHT  STEEL  LOCKS, 

DOOR  CHECKS, 

DOOR  HOLDERS, 

STEEL  SQUARES, 

WOOD  SCREWS, 

MACHINE  SCREWS. 


NEW    BRITAIN,    CONN. 

NEW  YORK, 

PHILADELPHIA, 

BALTIMORE, 

CHICAGO, 

BOSTON, 

LONDON,  ENGLAND. 


The  Norris  Patent  Sash  Pulley. 


TRADE    MARK 
REGISTERED 


N 


ORRIS  PULLEYS  are  the  leading  Sash  Pulleys  of  the  Country. 
They  are  used  in  the  majority  of  the  principal  Buildings  through- 
out the  entire  country.  The  majority  of  Architects  are  acquainted 
with  their  merits,  and  when  they  Specify  the  Norris  Pulley,  they  know 
if  it  is  used  that  the  Building  will  have  first-class  Pulleys,  as  the  word 
Norris  across  the  face  of  each  Pulley,  is  a.  guarantee  of  unexcelled  work- 
manship. Beware  of  imitations,  none  genuine  without  the  word  Norris 
engraved  on  the  face  of  each  pulley. 


WRITE  FOR  SAMPLE  OF  OUR  NEW  BALL 
BEARING  ANri-FRIcriON  PULLEYS,  THE 
BEST  ANTI-FRICTION  MADE. 


ADDRESS 

NORRIS    SASH    PULLEYS, 

BALTIMORE,  MD. 


SAMSON 
SPOT 
SASH 
CORD. 


SAMPLES  ON 

APPLICATION. 


'HIS  is  a  cotton  braided  cord  made  from  yarns  of  our  own  manufacture, 
guaranteed  to  be  free  from  waste  stock.  The  COLORED  SPOT  (our 
tra5e  mark)  is  assurance  that  the  cord  is  first  quality  in  every  way,  and  now 
that  manufacturers  make  also  one  or  more  low  grades,  which  easily  deceive 
the  consumer,  the  distinctive  mark  on  the  cord  has  become  almost  a  necessity. 


The  Sash  Cord  Sizes  are  :  — 

Size  No.  6,  diameter,  3-i6in.     About    18  Ibs.  per   dozen.     About  66  ft.  per.  Ib.     Suitable  for 

weights  of  less  than  10  Ibs. 
Size  No.  7,  diameter,  7-32  in.     About  22  Ibs.  per  dozen.     About  55  ft.  per  Ib.     Suitable  for 

weights  from  10  to  15  Ibs. 
Size  No.  8, diameter,  1-4  in.     About  27  Ibs.  per  dozen.    About  44  ft.  per  Ib.    Suitable  for  weights 

from  15  to  25  Ibs. 
Size  No.  9,  diameter,  9-32  in.     About  33  Ibs.  per  dozen.     About  36    ft.  per  Ib.     Suitable  for 

weights  from  25  to  35  Ibs. 
Size  No.  10,  diameter,  5-16  in.     About  40  Ibs.  per  dozen.     About  30  ft.  per  Ib.     Suitable  for 

weights  from  35  to  45  Ibs. 
Size  No.  12,  diameter,  3-8  in.     About  58  Ibs.  per  dozen.     About  2 1  f  t.  per  Ib.    Suitable  for  weights 

heavier  than  45  Ibs. 
It  is  put  up  in  hanks  of  100  ft.  each  (two  connected),  one  dozen  hanks  (1,200  ft.)  in  package,  or 

in  coils  of  any  length  desired. 


SAHSON  CORDAGE  WORKS, 

No.   115   CONGRESS  STREET, 
BOSTON,  flASS. 


SAMPLE    FREE. 


Window  Slop  Adjuster, 


PATENT  SASH  LOCKS, 
MORTISE  DOOR  BOLTS, 
WINDOW  STOP  ADJUSTERS,  and 
WINDOW  HARDWARE  SPECIALTIES 

Our  Goods  are  Leaders  <witk  Architects  and  the  Trade. 
THIRTY  '  FjIGE  •  CATALOGUE  •  MAILED  •  FREE. 


MANUFACTURED  BY 

HOBART  B.  IVES  &  COMPANY, 

NEW  HAVEN,  CONN.,  U.  S.  A. 


HIPPIE'S  P1TEIII 


BLIND  HINGE. 


Ti- 
to 
o 


FLUSH  HINGE. 

HIS  Hinge  is  made  of  malleable 
iron  and  steel.  It  is  easy  to  put 
on,  strong  and  durable,  and  can- 
not blow  off.  It  can  be  taken  off  at  right 
angles  by  removing  the  pin.  The  inde- 
pendent anti-friction  steel  collar  has  an 
extra  nut  to  tighten  and  make  more 
tension  on  the  spring  when  reauired. 
In  use  there  is  no  wear  to  angles,  no 
grating  sound,  or  rattle,  or  slamming, 
and  no  interference  when  used  on  sur- 
face blinds.  The  Hinge  invariably 
screws  into  the  center  of  the  jamb. 
No  fixtures  other  than  those  for  regu- 
lar hinges  are  required  for  use  on  brick 
or  wood  buildings.  The  blinds  will 
stay  half  open,  an  advantage  that  will 
be  appreciated  by  those  having  bay- 
windows,  windows  near  pi- 
azza posts,  etc.  The  Hinge  IURFACE  HIHGI. 
is  so  made  that  the  bracket 
can  be  taken  off  the  Hinge 
and  fastened  to  window 
frame  of  a  brick  house, 
where  there  is  a  staff  bead,  ' 
and  then  the  Hinge  is 
screwed  into  place.  Four 
Hinges  make  a  complete  set  of  blind  trim- 
mings. By  removing  the  split  pin  they  can  be 
made  right  or  left.  The  No.  I  Surface  Hinge 
for  brick  buildings  throws  the  blind  out  4 
inches,  No.  2  throws  the  blind  out  4}  inchesf 
and  the  No.  3  throws  the  blind  out  ji  inches 
from  window  frame  when  the  blind  is  open. 
The  No.  i  Flush  Hinge  for  brick  buildings 
throws  the  blind  out  34  inches,  No.  2  throws 
blind  out  4i  inches,  and  No.  3  throws  blind  out 
6  inches  from  window  frame  when  blind  is 
open. 

Circular  and  Price-List  on  Application. 

R.  P.  WHIPPLE  &  CO.,  Greenfield,  Mass. 


Inside  View. 


Blind  Down,  Slats  Closed. 


Outside  View. 


Wilson's  New  Outside  Venetian 


Blind  Pulled  Up. 

Blind    and  Awning  Combined.      Best   style   ever 
Introduced.      Can    be    extended    as    an   awning. 
Slats  open  and  close.      Admits  air,  excludes  sun. 
Blind   pulls    up   and    sides   fold    In   compactly.     Bronze  Metal   Tapes   and   Cords.      Non-corroding.     Everlasting. 

a222S&.  JAS.  GODFREY  WILSON,  S.E.  Corner  23d  St.  and  6th  Ave.,  New  York.  "*%%;£?" 

Also  ROLLING  PARTITIONS  for  CHURCHES  and  SCHOOLS ;  BURGLAR  and  FIREPROOF  ROLLING  STEEL  SHUTTERS  for  DWELLINGS,  OFFICE 
BUILDINGS,  and  WAREHOUSES;  VENETIAN  BLINDS  ol  EVERY  DESCRIPTION ;  WIRE  WINDOW  SCREENS;  HYGIENIC  WARDROBES,  Etc.,  Etc. 


Wilson's  Rolling  Partitions. 


Wilson's  Piazza  Blinds. 


Wire  Window  Screen. 


Rolling  Steel  Shutters. 


PflRQUETRY  FLOORS. 

END-WOOD  MOSAIC, 
THIN  PARQUETRY  AND  WOOD  CARPET, 

THICK   PARQUETRY, 
PLAIN  STRIP  FLOORS. 


ND-WOOD  MOSAIC  is  made  of 
small  blocks  of  wood  seven-eights 
inch  thick,  set  on  end,  joined  by  a  lead 
tongue.  It  is  the  most  durable  of  parquetry 
floors,  and  its  cost  is  relatively  high. 

WOOD  CARPET  is  five  -  sixteenths 
inch  thick,  made  of  strips  of  wood  (generally 
oak) ,  glued  to  strong  cloth,  in  pieces  from 
24x36  inches  down  according  to  pattern.  It 
is  laid  by  nailing  through  the  surface  with 
small  steel  brads. 

THIN  PARQUETRY,  made  like 
wood  carpet,  but  in  a  large  variety  of  woods 
and  designs. 

THICK  PARQUETRY  is  seven- 
eighths  inch  thick,  and  is  made  in  two  ways, 
solid  and  veneered.  The  former  is  made  of 
wood,  the  full  thickness  joined  by  tongue- 
and-groove.  The  latter  is  made  of  thin  par- 
quetry glued  to  a  paneled  backing.  In  both 
the  separate  sections  are  laid  with  tongue- 
and-groove  joints.  Plain  fields  are  best  solid, 
while  complicated  designs  stand  best  when 
veneered. 

We  make  a  great  variety  of  patterns,  and 
are  constantly  adding  new  designs.  We  use 
only  thoroughly  seasoned  kiln-dried  lumber, 
and  gurarantee  materials  and  workmanship. 

Designs  and  estimates  furnished  on  appli- 
cation. Send  for  catalogue  of  designs. 


rf? 


WOOD 

MOSAIC 

CO. 

ROCHESTER 
N.  Y. 

315  FIFTH  AVE., 
NEW  YORK. 


Cbe  Ideal  Blind  Binge 


.2*  Possesses  every 
good  feature  of  the 
best  gravity  lock- 
ing blind  hinge  and 
has 

TWO  STRONG 
POINTS  OF 
ADVANTAGE. 


FIRST.     When  the  blind  is  open,  screens  or  storm  sash  slip  into 
the  opening  without  mutilating. 

SECOND.     The  Ideal  is  provided  with  guide  lugs  to  line  it  by 

when  applying. 

AGAIN.     It  is  a  strong,  symmetrical   pattern,  with   positive 
locking  construction,  avoiding  all  possibility  of  the 
blind  rattling,  or  getting  away  from  its  position  when  open. 


FULL  PARTICULARS  AND= 
FREE   SAMPLE    ON  APPLICATION. 


Stover 


Co 


567  RIVER  STREET, 
FREEPORT,  J*  j*  ILL. 


Cabot's  Insulating 
and  Deadening  Quilt 


THE  FOLSOM 

New  Model  Snow  Guard. 


TRADE  MARK 


It  positively  cannot 

injure  any 

roof. 


Made  for  shingle, 

slate,  tile,  or 

metal  roofs. 


m SCIENTIFIC  non-conductor  of  heat  and  sound.     Not  a  mere 
felt  or  paper,  but  a  soft  resilient  cushion  of  dead  air  spaces, 
giving  the  most  perfect  conditions  for  heat  insulation  or  the  absorp- 
tion of  sound  waves.     Indestructible  by  moths,  vermin,  or  decay, 
and  uninflammable. 

ASBESTOS-QUILT,  the  only  sheathing  made  that  is  heat, 
sound,  and  fire-proof. 


Style  for  slate  or  shingle  roof. 

SPECIFIED  BY  LEADING  ARCHITECTS   THROUGHOUT 
THE  COUNTRY.  FULL  PARTICULARS  ON  APPLICA  TION. 


AGENTS  AT  ALL  CENTRAL  POINTS. 

Samples  and  full  particulars  will  be  sent  on  application. 


SAMUEL  CABOT, 

SOLE  MANUFACTURER, 

70  KILBY  STREET,  BOSTON,  MASS. 


The  Stall  Overhead  Pulley. 

AN  improvement  in  every  way  over  the  old  style  side  sash  pul- 
ley. Unequalled  for  mullion  windows  as  illustrated  on  VII. 
and  XI.  of  this  book,  for  all  weights  can  be  hung  in  side  pockets, 
dispensing  with  pockets  in  the  mullions.  Special  patterns  made 
for  such  windows.  The  Shull  pulley  has  been  put  in  many  of  the 
largest  buildings.  Over  800  dozen  were  used  in  the  Park  Row 
Syndicate  Building,  New  York. 


THE  FOLSOM  SNOW  GUARD  CO., 
JJ6  SOUTH  ST.,  BOSTON,  MASS. 


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6 

ALL  BOOKS  MAY  BE  RECALLED  AFTER  7  DAYS 


DUE  AS  STAMPED  BELOW 

DUE  NRLF 

MAR  2  6  1985 

.  ,~  ^  *\ 

AUTO  DISOJIlj  ft 

UNIVERSITY  OF  CALIFORNIA,  BERKELEY 
FORM  NO.  DDO,  5m,  12/80          BERKELEY,  CA  94720 


YF  00106 

LIBRARY- U.C.  BERKELEY 

Booomoif? 


